Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound that is used in the inorganic industry to manufacture other copper salts such as cuprous chloride, copper chloride, copper pyrophosphate, cuprous oxide, copper acetate, copper carbonate, etc. The common form of copper sulfate is crystal. Anhydrous copper sulfate is a white crystal powder, which may also be light gray-green due to impurities. It is a soluble copper salt. The relative density is 3.603, and the solubility in water is 23.05g at 25°C. It is insoluble in ethanol and ether, and is easily soluble in water. The aqueous solution is blue, and it is a strong acid and weak alkali salt.
The hydrolysis solution is weakly acidic and has strong ability to kill pathogens. , widely used in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in aquaculture. The solution is concentrated and crystallized to obtain blue crystals of copper sulfate pentahydrate, commonly known as gall vitriol, gallstone, copper vitriol or blue vitriol. It is toxic, odorless, with a metallic astringency, is stable at normal temperatures and pressures, and does not deliquesce. It will gradually weather in dry air. When heated to 45°C, it will lose two molecules of crystal water.
When heated to 110°C, it will lose four molecules of crystal water. At 150°C, it will lose all crystal water and become anhydrous (absorbing water can be converted into bile alum). 650 ℃, it decomposes into copper oxide and sulfur trioxide. Copper sulfate aqueous solutions appear blue due to hydrated copper ions. This property is commonly used in laboratories to test the presence of water. In real production and life, it is often used to refine refined copper, and can be mixed with slaked lime to produce the pesticide Bordeaux mixture. The copper ions in copper sulfate can destroy the three-dimensional structure of proteins and denature them. When measuring protein concentration, alkali is often added to the protein, and then copper sulfate solution is added. At this time, the solution will turn purple. This reaction is called the biuret reaction.
Copper sulfate is a heavy metal salt and is toxic, with a lethal dose of 0.9g/kg for adults. If swallowed by mistake, you should immediately consume a large amount of protein-rich foods such as milk and egg white, or use EDTA calcium sodium salt to detoxify. Solubility in water (g/100ml) Dissolved grams per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 23.1g/0℃; 27.5g/10℃; 32g/20℃; 37.8g/30℃; 44.6g/40℃ 61.8g/60℃; 83.8g/80℃; 114g/100℃. Prevention and treatment of aquatic diseases. Copper sulfate can prevent and control some fish diseases caused by algae, such as amylodinium and green mud moss (filamentous algae) attachment diseases. It can be used Sprinkle copper sulfate at a concentration of 0.7ppm throughout the pool for treatment; it can also prevent and treat diseases caused by protozoa, such as cryptogiardiasis, ciliate disease, Chinese worm disease, etc. Use 0.7ppm copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) Mixture treatment. However, this does not mean that all diseases caused by algae and parasites can be treated with copper sulfate. For example, copper sulfate cannot be used for melonworm disease and ovary dinoflagellation, because copper sulfate cannot kill melonworms, but will cause Small melon worms multiply in large numbers; the water quality of ponds where ovary dinoflagellosis occurs is acidic. The use of copper sulfate will increase the acidity of the pond water, which is conducive to the growth of algae and aggravates the condition of the fish. Therefore, be sure not to blindly apply copper sulfate, otherwise not only will the purpose of curing fish diseases not be achieved, but sometimes it will have counterproductive effects. Since copper ions in the water body will accumulate in the bottom mud, it is not conducive to the healthy development of aquaculture. Although it has not been listed as a prohibited drug, it is not recommended to be used in pollution-free bases and other breeding sites. Identification test solubility Easily soluble in water; poorly soluble in ethanol. Determine according to OT-42 method. The copper test (IT-15) and sulfate test (IT-29) of the 10% sample solution were positive.
For content analysis, take 1g of sample (weigh accurately to 0.1ing) and dissolve it in 50ml of water. Add 4ml of glacial acetic acid and 3g of potassium iodide, and use 0. Titrate the released iodine with 1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate, using starch test solution (TS-235) as an indicator. At the same time, perform a blank test and make necessary corrections. 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate per milliliter is equivalent to 24.97mg of copper sulfate (CuSO4?5H2O). Toxicity ADI has not been LD50 300mg/kg (rat, oral). GRAS (FDA §184.1261, 2000). The usage limit is GB14880-94; as a nutritional fortifier, it can be used in dairy products, 5.7~7.5mg/kg; in infant food, 7.5~10mg/kg. FAO/WHO (1984): Swiss Emmentaler cheese, 15 mg/kg (calculated as Cu). BATF, 27CFR, §240.1051, 2000: wine, brandy, distilled liquor, 0.2 mg/kg (calculated as Cu). In Japan, it is allowed to be used to fortify copper in milk substitutes. The copper content of milk substitute drinks per liter of standard prepared milk concentration shall not exceed 0.6 mg.
It can be used as a color-protecting agent for green beans and other chlorophyll-containing plants, but its use is no longer allowed in my country due to toxicity. Uses of copper sulfate Chemicalbook Copper sulfate can be used to kill fungi. Mixed with lime water to produce Bordeaux mixture, used to control fungi on lemons, grapes and other crops. The dilute solution is used in aquariums for sterilization and removal of snails. Since copper ions are toxic to fish, the dosage must be strictly controlled. Most fungi require only very low concentrations of copper sulfate to kill. In addition, copper sulfate can also be used to control E. coli. Ketone sulfate aqueous solution has a strong bactericidal effect. In agriculture, it is mainly used to prevent and control various diseases of fruit trees, malt, potatoes, rice, etc. It has good effect, but has poor effect on rust and powdery mildew. At the same time, it will cause phytotoxicity to plants, and it can only be used on crops with strong tolerance to copper ion phytotoxicity or on fruit trees in the dormant period. It is a preventive fungicide that needs to be used before the onset of disease. It can also be used for algae removal in rice fields and ponds. It is also a trace element fertilizer that can improve the stability of chlorophyll, prevent chlorophyll from being destroyed prematurely, and promote crop absorption. When crops are deficient in copper, they will lose their green color. When fruit trees are deficient in copper, the fruits will be small and the pulp will become hard. In severe cases, the fruit trees will Death, crops that are sensitive to copper are cereal crops such as wheat, barley, oats, etc., which are mainly used for seed treatment and root top dressing.
